GCERT Class 8 Social Science Semester 2 Chapter 9 Solution
Brief Information: This post contains the solution for Chapter Our Economic System of Class 8 Semester 2 of the Gujarat Board (GSEB) books GCERT.
The Sub topics under Chapter 9 Our Economic system are:
- Primary sector
- Secondary Sector
- Service Sector
- The economic activities are also classified on the basis of ownership – Private, Government, Joint and Co-operative
- Classification of economic activities into unorganized sector and organized
Economic Liberalisation - Privatization
- Globalization – Effect of globalistaion
The Solution of Exercise of Chapter is given below:
Q.1 Answer the following questions in short.
1. Which economic activities are included in the primary sector?
Ans. Economic activities such as forest, agriculture, mining, animal husbandry, fisheries etc are included in the primary sector.
2. Which economic activities are included in the (Tertiary) service sector?
Ans. Economic activities such as education, health, banking and insurance facilities are included in the (Tertiary) service sector.
3. Give few examples of the co-operative sector.
Ans. Dairy, Sugar mills, Small industries, Co-operative banks etc are few examples of the co-operative sector.
4. What steps have been taken by government to increase the agricultural production?
Ans. The government has taken many steps like green revolution, increased irrigation facilities, development of hybrid varieties of crops, loan at subsidized rate etc in increase agricultural production.
5. Which year onwards did India promote the policy of liberalization?
Ans. The policy of liberalization was adopted in India from year 1991 onwards.
6. What do you mean by globalization?
Ans. The process of bring countries close to one another or forming one world is called globalization. It integrates the markets and production units of various countries.
Q.2 Answer the following questions in detail.
1. Explain the difference between private sector and public sector.
Ans.
Public Sector | Private Sector |
Government is owner of any asset. | Private individual or company is owner of any asset. |
The ultimate goal is to maximize welfare of people. | The ultimate goal is to maximize welfare of profit. |
E.g. Bhilai Steel Plant, ONGC, SBI bank | E.g. Tisco, Tata motors, Torrent, Cadila etc |
2. Why did the government incline towards privatization?
Ans. After the independence many Public Sector Units (Large manufacturing projects owned by the government) were started by the government of India. With the passage of time these units made less profit and incurred loss. Many public units had to be closed down for this reason. This made negative impact on our economy. The workers became united but the industries suffered big losses. On the other side, the emphasis on quality increased around the world. The private sector started making more profit. All these circumstances motivated ‘privatization’ and the government started showing inclination towards private sector.
3. State the effects of globalization.
Ans. The process of bring countries close to one another or forming one world is called globalization. It had variety of effect on all the dimensions of life. They are
Increased employment opportunities in service sector
Increased access to faster and affordable communication facilities like Phone, fax, mobile, e-mail, internet, video conferencing etc.
The Multi-National Companies started projects in different countries which have proved to be profitable for the host nation.
Consumers got good quality products at lower costs due to competition.
Q.3 Match the items in column 'A' with those in column 'B’.
Ans.
- 1. Land without irrigation. – 4. Irrigation canals made by government.
- 2. Less return on crop production. – 3. Purchase of food grains by government.
- 3. Indebtedness. – 5. Facility of loan at low interest rate by bank.
- 4. Lack of employment opportunities during recession. – 1. Establishment of agro based industries.
- 5. Problem faced by farmers in selling crops after harvesting. – 2. Co-operative committees for sales and purchase.
Q.4 Classify the following examples into organized and unorganized sector.
1. A teacher teaching in school. – Organized sector
2. A farmer irrigating his own field. – Unorganized Sector
3. A doctor treating patients in a hospital. – Organized sector
4. A worker working on daily wages with a contractor. – Unorganized Sector
5. A worker who goes to work in a big factory. – Organized sector
Q.6 Answer the following questions with the help of an expert.
1. Know about the agriculture promotion schemes with the help of a ‘Gramsevak’ (Gram vikas officer).
2. Farmers open their account in gramin banks. Visit any two farmers who have their accounts in gramin bank and discuss about the benefits they have received from the bank.
3. How are the farmers benefitted by the agriculture related programmes telecast on radio or Doordarshan? Discuss it with two farmers.
4. The helpline number for farmers is 1551. What assistance is provided to farmerson this helpline number?