GCERT Class 8 Social Science Semester 2 Chapter 10 Solution
Brief Information: This post contains the solution for Chapter 10 Following The Mahatma – Part II of Class 8 Semester 2 of the Gujarat Board (GSEB) books GCERT.
The Subtopics covered under Chapter 10 Following The Mahatma – Part II are:
- The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930)
- Dandi March (1930)
- Round table Conferences
- The Government of India Act (1935)
- Demand for Pakistan (1940)
- Individual Satyagrah (1940)
- Quit India Movement (1942)
- The Cabinet Mission (1946)
- Attlee’s announcement of the Independence of India (February,1947)
The Solution for the Exercise questions of the chapter are given below:
Q.1 Answer the following questions.
1. Why did Gandhiji launch the Dandi March?
Ans. Gandhiji launched Dandi March to start Civil Disobedience movement by breaking the unjust salt law. Britishers had monopolized the production and trade of salt. The breaking of salt law was pinnacle example of civil disobedience.
2. Why did the second round table conference fail?
Ans. The second round table conference failed because of disagreement among Indian leaders various communities on the demand for separate electorate for the Dalits and for different communities.
3. What were the proposals of the Cabinet Mission?
Ans. The proposals made by Cabinet Mission were:
1. To establish total self-rule in the country.
2. To divide the whole country into total three provinces.
3. Allow India to design its own constitution.
4. Formation of an interim or provisional government till the constitution was framed.
Q.2 Write short note on the following.
1. Quit India Movement
Ans. Quit India movement was started on 8th August, 1942 after passing resolution in Mumbai Session of Indian National Congress. The movement started during World War II due to non fulfillment of demand of national leaders by British government. Gandhiji asked Britishers to leave immediately. He gave the slogan of ‘Do or Die’ to the people. Gandhiji and other leaders were arrested on 9th August, 1942. It gave a further impetus to the movement. Various public meetings, processions and protests and demonstrations became order of the day across the nation. A large number of farmers and youth joined this movement. There were incidents of attacks on government buildings and on communication facilities like post and telegraph. The government adopted suppressive measures like mass arrest, confiscation of property and imprisonment to curb the movement. More than one lakh people were arrested and put into jail. Thousands of people were shot. But the Britishers realized that it was the end of their rule in India and their hold over the people of India would not be for long.
2. Dandi March
Ans. Dandi Marsh was launched to start Civil Disobedience Movement. It was aimed at breaking the unjust salt law. Under salt law the British government had monopolized the production and trade of salt. Tax was imposed on salt as commodities. Gandhiji announced in the year 1930 that he would carry out a march up to Dandi near Surat and break the salt law. Gandhiji started the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad with his 78th companions on 12 March, 1930. Meetings were held in every village that was on the route. Gandhiji explained to the people the characteristics of the Civil Disobedience Movement, need to break the salt law and the significance of Satyagraha in attaining Swaraj. Gandhiji reached Dandi on 5th April, 1930 and on 6th April he broke the salt law. Gandhiji while picking up a fistful of salt in his hand, said, “With this, I am shaking the foundations of the British Empire”. Farmers, tribals and women actively participated in this movement. The government resorted to the policy of suppression. Thousands of Satyagrahis were arrested.
Q.3 Choose the appropriate option and circle it.
1. Which incident occured during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(a) Establishment of National Universities
(b) Dandi March
(c) Jalianwala Baug massacre
(d) Bardoli Satyagrah
2. Where was the Round Table conferences held?
(a) Delhi
(b) Mumbai
(c) London
(d) Lahore
3. Who was selected as the first individual satyagrahi by Gandhiji?
(a) Vinoba Bhave
(b) Sardar Patel
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Maulana Azad
4. In which movement was the slogan of ‘Do or die’ given by Gandhiji?
(a) Non Cooperation
(b) Dandi March
(c) Champaran Satyagraha
(d) Quit India Movement