GCERT Class 7 Social Science Chapter 3 Solution

1. Give the outline of Mughal administration.
Ans. Mughal administration was established by Akbar. The emperor was center of the rule and head of the council of the ministers. He was the supreme commander and judge. There were other posts to assist the emperor. They are
a) Vazir: He was appointed to coordinate between the emperor and administration. He was called the Diwna-e-Wazir-e-Kul and was also the head of the finance and the revenue system.
b) Mirbaksh: He was the head of the army. He recruited the army and its officers and supervised the intelligence system.
c)Waquianavis: They were spies of the Mughal empire.
d) Mir-e-Samman: It was a department which looked after the personal needs of the emperor and headed government factories.
e) Kazi: He was head of judiciary.

2. Write a note on Mughal architecture.
Ans. Under the Mughal rule there was intermingling of Hindu and Muslim culture. It resulted in development of Ganga-Jamuna culture. The famous architecture during Mughals include-
a) Gardens at Agra and Lahore by Babur.
b) Fort Agra and Constructions at Fatepur Sikri like Buland Darwaza, Salim Chisti Darga, Panhmahal etc.
c) Use of marble during the time of Jahagir.
d) Taj Mahal and Moti Masjid at Agra and Red Fort at Delhi by Shahjahan
f) Tomb of Rabia-ud-Dauran (Bibi ka makbara) at Aurangabad by Aurangzeb. It resemble Taj Mahal.

3. Write a note on victories of Chhatrapati Shivaji.
Ans. Chhatrapati Shivaji, the founder of Maratha rule had lead a victorious life. He had conquered more than 40 forts to expand the Maratha rule. He fought with the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and Adilshah of Bijapur for a long time and finally achieved victory.

4. Discuss the religious policy of Akbar.
Ans. Akbar was a secular king. He had adopted a liberal religiously policy towards the Hindu and started social relations with the Rajputs. He appointed Rajputs at high positions in the Army. Akbar brought together the best elements of all religions and established a sect called ‘Din-e-Ilahi’. He translated great texts like Ramayana, Mahabharata, Athrva Ved, Panchtantra, Bible and Quran into Persian.

5. Discuss the reforms done by Sher Shah.
Ans. Sher Shah Suri was a great reformer. His reforms include
a)Bringing peace in kingdom by controlling bandits and robbers.
b) Setting up a new postal system.
c) Building inns for trader and pilgrims.
d) Introducing the currency of ‘Rupee’ and building huge army.
e) He also built long highway ‘Grand Trunk Road’ which connected Bengal and North India.